George Gordon

Optical endoscopes are widely used in medicine to identify early-stage cancers in accessible parts of the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract, enabling early treatment and better patient outcomes. However, the next generation of endoscopes must overcome two key challenges to have a truly transformative impact. The first is size: hair-thin endoscopes would vastly expand the range of the body that can be examined in detail with minimal invasiveness, e.g. inside organs such as the pancreas via a needle, or inside tiny blood capillaries.